In 1941, a year before deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto reached their height, ghetto leaders made brave attempts to retain a certain sense of normalcy, and to provide for the physical and emotional needs of the ghetto's children. The care center seen here, and others like it, were vital because they provided children with food and the perception of safe havens. Care centers were possible because a Nazi ban on public and private "gatherings" was rescinded early in 1941. Elementary-school instruction also was allowed. The "normalcy" was illusory, however, and conditions faced by Warsaw's children would shortly be insufferable. Photo: Beth Hatefutsoth

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